Biology Faculty Brunella Bowditch, Associate Professor of Biology (Program Chair) Saundra Herndon Oyewole, Professor of Biology Beverly Smith-Franklin, Assistant Luce Professor of Biology Description The Biology Program offers a major and a minor to students in the Weekday Program; several courses are offered for non-majors. In conjunction with various other programs, the Biology Program also supports interdisciplinary majors in biochemistry and environmental science as well as a minor in bioethics. Biology majors and minors pursue a diversified program that fulfills a breadth of interests and ultimately prepares them to pursue careers in many areas of the biological sciences, including education, research, and medicine. For those in related majors, the goal of the program is to focus particularly on the interfaces between biology and their major disciplines. Non-majors who take biology courses receive an exposure to biologyto its fundamental concepts, latest discoveries, and modes of inquiryin ways that are relevant to their personal and professional lives and consistent with the objectives of the Foundation for Leadership Curriculum. Extraordinary developments in modern biology offer much to engage students at all levels. Trinity offers biology students the advantages of close faculty-student relationships while providing access to the country's primary resource collections, major research facilities, and outstanding internship opportunities at nationally recognized facilities. Major Requirements Required Courses (33 credits) ALL of the following courses: BIO 151, 152 General Biology I & II (or equivalent) BIO 211 Vertebrate Development and Anatomy BIO 222 Introductory Genetics BIO 325 or 336 Cell and Molecular Biology or Histology and Cytology BIO 405 Evolution BIO 418 General Physiology BIO 449 General Microbiology NSM 491 Divisional Seminar (1 credit)   Electives (6-8 credits) TWO of the following courses: BIO 206 or 207 Flowering Plants or Plant Diversity BIO 225 Invertebrate Zoology BIO 318 Ecology CHE 411 Molecular Biochemistry I PSY 322 Physiological Psychology   Requirements in Related Fields (31 credits) ALL of the following courses: CHE 105 Fundamentals of Chemistry I CHE 106 Fundamentals of Chemistry II CHE 231, 232 Organic Chemistry I & II CHE 233, 234 Organic Chemistry Laboratory I & II MAT 125 Calculus and Analytic Geometry I PHY 115, 116 General Physics I & II NSM 491 Divisional Seminar Recommended Courses: MAT 126 Calculus and Analytic Geometry II Additional courses in computer science and statistics are also recommended.   Minor Requirements (19 credits) ALL of the following courses: BIO 151, 152 General Biology I & II (or equivalent) BIO 211 Vertebrate Development and Anatomy SIX additional credits of courses in biology   Bioethics A student wishing to develop the value and policy dimensions of basic biological knowledge and practical applications may follow a minor in bioethics; see Philosophy Program for requirements. Neuroscience While neuroscience is not offered as an official minor, students wishing to prepare for graduate study in this rapidly growing discipline are advised to major in either biology or psychology and minor in the other. A student should consult with her or his advisor in order to make a judicious selection of courses in biology, chemistry, and psychology. Program Policies Advanced Placement: Credit will be granted for the score of 4 or 5 on the AP examination. A score of 4 or 5 will be accepted in lieu of BIO 151. CLEP Policy: A satisfactory score on the CLEP examination in general biology will be accepted in lieu of BIO 151. Grades in Major Courses: Students are required to earn a grade of "C" (2.0) or better in all courses counted to fulfill requirements for the major. Pass/No Pass: Courses fulfilling the major requirement may not be taken pass/no pass. Senior Assessment: The senior assessment in biology consists of a written exam drawn from a set of comprehensive study questions and a one-hour oral exam. TELL Policy: TELL credits do not count towards the major in biology. Transfer Credits: Transfer credit will be awarded after appropriate program review and approval. Course Descriptions BIO 101 Introduction to Biology 4 cr Explores various aspects of biology from cell structure to metabolism, diversity and ecology. The course consists of two hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. Recommended for non-science majors. Lab fee: $35. FLC, Area V, Level 1 Core, III BIO 151, 152 General Biology I & II 4 cr Presents a comprehensive base in biology for majors and non-science majors. Biology 151 is not a prerequisite for 152. The course consists of three hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. Lab fee: $35 each semester. FLC, Area V, Level 1 Core, III BIO 202 Diversity in Plants: Medicine, Food, & Furniture 3 cr Examines the uses of plants in medicine, food, and furniture. BIO 205 Flora of the DC Area 3 cr Studies local flora and key out spring blooming species. BIO 206 Flowering Plants 4 cr Surveys flowering plant families. Emphasis will be on those families present in the local geographic area. Students will be expected to read current literature and collect and hand in a 20 species herbarium. The course consists of two hours of lecture, one hour of discussion of journal readings, and three hours of laboratory per week. Lab fee: $35. BIO 207 Plant Diversity 4 cr Surveys the plant kingdom starting with green algae up through angiosperms. Emphasis is on the evolution of this kingdom through a thorough morphological analysis and use of modern analysis methods such as cladistics. The course consists of two hours of lecture, one hour of discussion of journal readings, and three hours of laboratory per week. Lab fee: $35. BIO 211 Vertebrate Development and Anatomy 5 cr Examines the embryology and anatomy of representative vertebrate forms. The course requires two hours of lecture and six hours of laboratory each week. Lab fee: $35. Prerequisites: BIO 151 and 152, or equivalent. BIO 222 Introductory Genetics 4 cr Investigates the principles of heredity, including Mendelian genetics, population genetics, and the genetics of microorganisms. The course consists of wo hours of lecture, one hour discussion of journal readings, three hours of laboratory per week. Lab fee: $35. FLC, Area V, Level 2 Core, III BIO 225 Invertebrate Zoology 4 cr Studies selected invertebrates from each phylum with emphasis on morphology and systematics. The course requires three hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. Lab fee: $35. BIO 252 Independent Study credits arranged Provides an opportunity for directed study on an introductory level. Prerequisite: Permission of program chair. BIO 291 Seminar on Topics in Biology 3 cr Analyzes the biological literature on a specific topic, such as cancer research, the biology of women, or AIDS. Check course schedule for current topic(s). BIO 318 Ecology 4 cr Explores answers to questions including: Why are organisms found where they are? How do species interact in nature? What is biodiversity? How is ecological research performed? Lab emphasizes outdoor field trips, collection of original data and statistical testing of scientific hypotheses. Prerequisites: BIO 151 and 152; MAT 110 recommended BIO 325 Cell and Molecular Biology 4 cr Focuses on the eucaryotic cell at the cell and molecular levels with emphasis on the principles by which cells function in isolation and in multicellular communities. The course consists of three hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. Lab fee: $35. Prerequisites: BIO 151 and 152 or equivalent BIO 336 Histology and Cytology 4 cr Explores the structure of tissues and cells of animals. The course consists of three hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. Lab fee: $35. Prerequisite: BIO 211 or permission of instructor BIO 361 Internship credits arranged Provides practical experience in an area of applied biology, such as in a hospital laboratory or museum. Students must make special arrangements with the program chair. BIO 405 Evolution 3 cr Studies the principles of heredity, population genetics, and modern data collecting from karyotyping to sequencing. Attention is given to data analysis in the systematics field from phenetics to cladistics. The evolution of plant and animal kingdoms is analyzed in view of all the data now available and the paleontological data. The course consists of two hours of lecture and one hour of discussion of journal readings per week. This course is typically taken in the senior year. Prerequisites: BIO 151 and 222 BIO 418 General Physiology 4 cr Examines the functions of systems in selected vertebrates and invertebrates. The course consists of three hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. Prerequisites: BIO 151 and 152, or equivalent; CHE 231 and 232 BIO 449 General Microbiology 4 cr Introduces the biology of microorganisms and their importance to humans, with special emphasis on bacteria and viruses. The course consists of three hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. Prerequisites: BIO 151 and 152, or equivalent; CHE 231 and 232 or permission of instructor (may be concurrent) BIO 451 Research Studies credits arranged Provides an opportunity for guided research participation. Prerequisite: Permission of the program chair NOTE: Descriptions for courses listed as NSM (natural sciences and mathematics) appear in the interdisciplinary studies section of this catalog.