Nursing - R.N. to B.S.N.
Faculty
Stephanie Holaday, DrPH, MSN, RN, Program Director
Marissa Rossoukh, Assistant Professor of Nursing
Description
The Trinity Nursing Program offers advanced placement for Registered Nurses holding an associate's degree or diploma in nursing. This program is designed for the adult learner. RNs admitted into the program may receive credit for general education and nursing courses. In order to receive a degree from Trinity, the transcript must reflect 128 credits, with 32 of those taken in residence at the University. Students may transfer up to 32 credits in nursing. Upon admission, students may complete the program on a full-time or part-time basis.
Major Requirements
To fulfill the requirements of the B.S. in Nursing, students must successfully complete required coursework in the following areas:
Nursing Requirements (32 credits):
- NURS 300 RN Tran - ACT (Achieving Career Trans)
NURS 300 RN Tran - ACT (Achieving Career Trans)
NURS 300 RN Transition - ACT (Achieving Career Transition) Expands the student's knowledge of nursing practice and health care related to differentiated practice, community-based nursing, critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and therapeutic interventions as well as trends and issues in nursing and health care delivery. The curriculum model of knowledge, skills, values, meanings, and experience (KSVME) and the application to professionalism and professional nursing practice is introduced. A major component of this course is the synthesis of technologies to retrieve electronic resources and their application to academic scholarship.
- NURS 310 Comprehensive Health Assesment
NURS 310 Comprehensive Health Assesment
Comprehensive Health Assessment develops and refines the student's clinical skills in the assessment of the individual's health by identifying common health deviations, at-risk behaviors, and altered findings through the use of appropriate knowledge, skills, and interview techniques. Health history taking methods, physical examination skills, health promotion techniques, clinical assessment tools, and the use of age related data instruments will be the content foci for lectures and lab experiences. Students will practice conducting health histories and physical examinations including interpretation of normal findings and identification of deviations from normal during their weekly lab experience.
3 credits
- NURS 320 Policy and Politics in Nursing
NURS 320 Policy and Politics in Nursing
Policy and Politics in Nursing and Health Care engages the student in understanding how health care policy shapes health care systems and helps to determine accessibility, accountability, and affordability. Students will evaluate how health care delivery systems are organized and financed and the effect this has on patient care; based on the student's findings, they will identify political factors that they may influence in a proactive response to quality patient outcomes.
- NURS 330 Nursing Theory and Research
NURS 330 Nursing Theory and Research
Nursing Theory and Research focuses on relevant scientific and phenomenological information to assist the student to understanding the role of theory and research in nursing practice and health care. The course will provide an overview and analysis of theoretical approaches and research methodologies. Students will learn how to critically review and utilize research supporting common aspects of nursing practice.
3 credits
Prerequisites: MATH 110, NURS 117, NURS 117L
Note: Students in the RN to BSN program must also have completed NURS 300 and MATH 110
- NURS 400 Experiential Learning Portfolio
NURS 400 Experiential Learning Portfolio
This course will focus on health care providers' and consumers' cultural beliefs/values/practices and their influence on patient outcomes. Course content includes regulatory, policy, and professional standards for culturally and linguistically appropriate care. The emphasis will be on planning, implementing, and evaluating health care that meets the needs and preferences of culturally diverse populations, as well as meet professional standards of practice. Students will be given the opportunity to expand their skills for culturally-sensitive interviews, history taking, and physical assessments.
3 credits
- NURS 401 Clinical Preceptorship
NURS 401 Clinical Preceptorship
This course is designed to provide the student with a comprehensive clinical experience to integrate previously learned knowledge, skills, values, and meanings needed to transition to the role of novice professional. Based upon consultation with faculty and availability of site, students may select a specialty concentration.
3 credits (9 hours for clinical)
Prerequisite(s): NURS 350, NURS 360, NURS 361, NURS 420, NURS 460, NURS 461, NURS 462
Corequisite(s): NURS 491
- NURS 410 Leadership and Management of Health Care
NURS 410 Leadership and Management of Health Care
This course is designed to assist the student to synthesize the intersection of nursing care with leading people and managing organizations and systems. The course incorporates the application of management principles and leadership, change, and administration theories in nursing practice and health care delivery. Content discussions include delegation, working with large groups, communication and collaboration, cultural diversity, legal and ethical dilemmas, budget management, staff development, resource management, quality improvement and risk management, evidence based practice, and the healthcare consumer.
3 credits
Prerequisite(s): All 300-level NURS courses
Corequisite(s): N/A
- NURS 420 Professional Nursing Practice (PNP): Community and Public Health
NURS 420 Professional Nursing Practice (PNP): Community and Public Health
This course is designed to prepare students for community/public health practice in a changing health care system. Students will apply the concepts of primary health care to the assessment, planning, and delivery of care to diverse families. Factors influencing the primary health care of communities and the impact of globalization, politics, socioeconomics, and environmental factors on the health vulnerability and resiliency of communities are examined. Clinical experience will take place in a variety of community settings.
5 credits (3 hours for lecture; 6 hours for clinical)
Prerequisite(s): NURS 350, NURS 360, NURS 361
- NURS 430 Emergency Preparation and Disaster Management
NURS 430 Emergency Preparation and Disaster Management
A guide to the basic components preparing nurses to provide health care under disaster conditions and to respond effectively in emergency situations. The student will be introduced to the principles of disaster preparedness and management, the common tasks consistent across all disaster responses, the key components of a disaster preparedness plan, health care systems frameworks for disaster response, impact of disasters, legal and ethical issues, and types of disasters and their causes.
3 credits
- NURS 490 Capstone: Synthesis (KSVME) of Professional and Health Care Issues
NURS 490 Capstone: Synthesis (KSVME) of Professional and Health Care Issues
Culminating learning experience demonstrating the curriculum model of knowledge, skills, values, meaning, and experience (KSVME) within the professional practice of nursing. Assists students to critique and utilize research and analyze a clinical nursing problem that illustrates a sophisticated level of knowledge of best practices and of gathering and applying evidence. Each student will make a major presentation that is open to the educational and professional company.
3 creedits
- NURS Nursing Elective - Directed (3 credits)
Prerequisite Requirements: (34 credits): (May meet the General Education requirements)
- Anatomy & Physiology (lab) (8 credits)
- Microbiology (lab) (4 credits)
- Chemistry (lab) (4 credits)
- Psychology (3 credits)
- Statistics (3 credits)
- Ethics (3 credits)
- Public Speaking (3 credits)
- Sociology (3 credits)
- Genetics (3 credits)
Nursing Transfer (32 credits) from an approved, appropriately accredited school of nursing
General Education Requirements (34 credits):
- Skills for Life and Work - 18 credits
- Writing (6)
- Speaking (6)
- Numeracy (3)
- Information and Computer Literacy (3)
- Understanding the Self and Society - 18 credits
- Appreciation of Arts and Humanities (6),
- Personal, Civic and Global Awareness (6)
- Understanding the Scientific Method (4)
- Ethics and Moral Reasoning - 3 credits
Program Policies
Required Documentation: Prior to enrolling in any course, students are required to present documentation of the following:
- Current Registered Nurse Licensure for the District of Columbia
- Professional Liability Insurance in the amount of $1 million/$ 3 million
- BLS/CPR Certification
- Current immunization or titers for the following:
- DPT; MMR; Hepatitis B (3 doses); Tetanus;
- Influenza (annual); TB (annual).
- National criminal background check
- Including all alias and nationwide sexual offenders index with a set of fingerprints
- Current major medical health insurance
RN Achievement Tests: Students who have worked at least one year as a clinical nurse may be eligible to test out of NURS 310 Comprehensive Health Assesment
NURS 310 Comprehensive Health Assesment
Comprehensive Health Assessment develops and refines the student's clinical skills in the assessment of the individual's health by identifying common health deviations, at-risk behaviors, and altered findings through the use of appropriate knowledge, skills, and interview techniques. Health history taking methods, physical examination skills, health promotion techniques, clinical assessment tools, and the use of age related data instruments will be the content foci for lectures and lab experiences. Students will practice conducting health histories and physical examinations including interpretation of normal findings and identification of deviations from normal during their weekly lab experience.
3 credits
- Health Assessment through the successful completion of the NLN RN Achievement Test in Physical Assessment and the demonstration of an adult physical examination, evaluated by faculty. Students must meet the scheduled dates and times and pay the required fee prior to the beginning of the semester. Additionally, RN to BSN students who have not taken collegiate level Anatomy and Physiology may challenge eight credits through the successful completion of the NLN RN Achievement Test in Anatomy and Physiology. There is a $100 fee, payable to Trinity Washington University, associated with taking the NLN RN Achievement Test. This fee must be paid to the Business Office prior to scheduling the test. The fee can be paid via check, cash, Mastercard, Visa, or Discover. This fee is non-refundable. Students should obtain receipts from the Business Office, which will serve proof of payment and as authorization to order and schedule the assessment test.
Grades in Major Courses: Students are required to earn a grade of "C" (2.0) or better in all courses counted to fulfill requirements for the major: for a list of these courses, please consult the Director of the Nursing Program.
Pass/No Pass: The pass/no pass grading option is not accepted in courses to be applied for the major.
Transfer Policy: Students may transfer up to 96 credits to fulfill the degree requirement of 128 credits.
Course Descriptions
HPNU 110 Professional and Career Success in the Health Professions
HPNU 110 Professional and Career Success in the Health Professions
This course is designed to strengthen the student's critical reading skills through close readings of texts on contemporary health care issues. This course is intended as an introductory professional genesis course for students entering the health professions and introduces the concepts of knowledge, skills, values, meanings, and experiences as the basis for professional practice. Students will explore the evolution of the various disciplines in the health professions and models of professional socialization. Current issues and trends influencing the health care delivery system, such as increased use of technology, rising health care costs, and maintaining quality in health care agencies are among the topics of discussion. Students will be exposed to the use of select electronic data bases as information sources, as well as techniques of professional writing.
3 credits
HPNU 200 Nutrition, Diet Therapy, and Health Promotion
HPNU 200 Nutrition, Diet Therapy, and Health Promotion
This course provides the foundation for an understanding of the relationships of nutrition and diet therapy to optimum health. It includes physiological, psychosocial and cultural influences on nutritional status. Students will explore their own nutritional status and values as they relate to health and wellness.
3 credits
HPNU 210 Pathophysiology
HPNU 210 Pathophysiology
This course is designed to assist the student in applying knowledge from anatomy and physiology and developing the basic knowledge, skills, values, meanings and experiences associated with pathophysiology. Emphasis is placed on cellular, organ, and tissue concepts as they relate to and influence health and illness.
3 credits
Pre/Corequisites: BIOL 121, BIOL 122, BIOL 130, CHEM 113, HPNU 110
HPNU 220 Pharmacology
HPNU 220 Pharmacology
This course is designed to assist the student in developing the basic knowledge, skills, values, meanings and experiences related to drug therapy. Emphasis is placed on drug classification, mechanism of action, drug interactions, adverse reactions, and therapeutic response. The role and responsibilities of the nurse in relationship to drug therapy is highlighted. The student is expected to apply knowledge from previous courses in the health sciences.
3 credits
Pre/Corequisites: HPNU 210
NURS 117 Foundations and Skills for Professional Nursing Practice
NURS 117 Foundations and Skills for Professional Nursing Practice
This course is designed as an introduction to the concepts of knowledge, skills, values, meanings, experiences, and the nursing process as the underlying foundation for professional nursing practice. Historical and contemporary issues in nursing are examined, including philosophical beliefs, nursing theory, legal responsibilities, contemporary nursing roles, cultural competence and bioethics. This course includes a practicum that introduces basic nursing technologies to beginning nursing students.
5 credits
Prerequisites: HPNU 110, HPNU 200, HPNU 210, HPNU 220
NURS 230 Nursing Health Assessment
NURS 230 Nursing Health Assessment
This course is designed to assist the student to develop and refine their clinical skills in the assessment of the individual's health by identifying common health deviations, at-risk behaviors, and altered findings through the use of appropriate knowledge, skills, and interview techniques. Health history taking methods, physical examination skills, health promotion techniques, clinical assessment tools, and the use of age related data instruments are the content foci for lectures and lab experiences.
3 credits
Prerequisites: HPNU 110, HPNU 200, HPNU 210, HPNU 220
NURS 300 RN Tran - ACT (Achieving Career Trans)
NURS 300 RN Tran - ACT (Achieving Career Trans)
NURS 300 RN Transition - ACT (Achieving Career Transition) Expands the student's knowledge of nursing practice and health care related to differentiated practice, community-based nursing, critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and therapeutic interventions as well as trends and issues in nursing and health care delivery. The curriculum model of knowledge, skills, values, meanings, and experience (KSVME) and the application to professionalism and professional nursing practice is introduced. A major component of this course is the synthesis of technologies to retrieve electronic resources and their application to academic scholarship.
NURS 310 Comprehensive Health Assesment
NURS 310 Comprehensive Health Assesment
Comprehensive Health Assessment develops and refines the student's clinical skills in the assessment of the individual's health by identifying common health deviations, at-risk behaviors, and altered findings through the use of appropriate knowledge, skills, and interview techniques. Health history taking methods, physical examination skills, health promotion techniques, clinical assessment tools, and the use of age related data instruments will be the content foci for lectures and lab experiences. Students will practice conducting health histories and physical examinations including interpretation of normal findings and identification of deviations from normal during their weekly lab experience.
3 credits
NURS 320 Policy and Politics in Nursing
NURS 320 Policy and Politics in Nursing
Policy and Politics in Nursing and Health Care engages the student in understanding how health care policy shapes health care systems and helps to determine accessibility, accountability, and affordability. Students will evaluate how health care delivery systems are organized and financed and the effect this has on patient care; based on the student's findings, they will identify political factors that they may influence in a proactive response to quality patient outcomes.
NURS 330 Nursing Theory and Research
NURS 330 Nursing Theory and Research
Nursing Theory and Research focuses on relevant scientific and phenomenological information to assist the student to understanding the role of theory and research in nursing practice and health care. The course will provide an overview and analysis of theoretical approaches and research methodologies. Students will learn how to critically review and utilize research supporting common aspects of nursing practice.
3 credits
Prerequisites: MATH 110, NURS 117, NURS 117L
Note: Students in the RN to BSN program must also have completed NURS 300 and MATH 110
NURS 350 Professional Nursing Practice: Psychiatric and Mental Health
NURS 350 Professional Nursing Practice: Psychiatric and Mental Health
This theory and clinical course focuses on the knowledge, skills, values, meanings, and experiences necessary for nursing care of and for clients with psychiatric and mental health disorders. Using an integrative approach, course content is based on the biological, psychological, and socio-cultural aspects of behavioral disorders. Students have the opportunity to apply theory in practice situations that include both in-and outpatient hospital and community settings.
5 credits (3 credits for 3 hours of lecture per week; 2 credits for 6 hours of clinical)
Prerequisite(s): All 200 level NURS and HPNU courses
Pre/Corequisite(s): NURS 360
NURS 360 Professional Nursing Practice (PNP): Young through Older Adults I
NURS 360 Professional Nursing Practice (PNP): Young through Older Adults I
This theory and clinical course focuses on the knowledge, skills, values, meanings, and experiences necessary for nursing care the adult client. Course content includes a focus on the health promotion needs of young, middle-aged, and older adults, as well as psychosocial aspects related to health care. Using a physiological systems approach, classroom content will focus on fluid and electrolyte, pulmonary, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal disruptions. An integrated biological, psychological, socio-cultural, environmental, and spiritual approach to care of the client and his or her family will be employed. The clinical component will include peri-operative and acute patient care settings.
5 credits (3 credits for 3 hours of lecture per week; 2 credits for 6 hours of clinical)
Prerequisite(s): All 200 level NURS and HPNU courses
NURS 361 Professional Nursing Practice (PNP): Young through Older Adults II
NURS 361 Professional Nursing Practice (PNP): Young through Older Adults II
This theory and clinical course focuses on the knowledge, skills, values, meanings, and experiences necessary for delivery of comprehensive nursing care of the adult client in the acute care setting. Using a physiological systems approach, classroom content will focus on endocrine, hematological, gastrointestinal, renal/urinary, and oncology disorders. Pain management and palliative care will be integrated. An integrated biological, psychological, sociocultural, environmental, and spiritual approach to care of the client and his or her family will be employed. The focus will include acute, chronic and palliative care activities. The clinical component will include experiences in in-patient care facilities.
5 credits (3 credits for 3 hours of lecture per week; 2 credits for 6 hours of clinical)
Prerequisite(s): NURS 360 and NURS 350
NURS 390 Boomers and Beyond
NURS 390 Boomers and Beyond
Boomers and Beyond provides a forum for students to critically think about the specialty of gerontological nursing and the delivery of nursing care to the older adult with emphasis on issues relevant to the lived experiences of ""Boomers and Beyond.""
3 credits
NURS 391 The Arts and Healing
NURS 391 The Arts and Healing
This course is designed to bring out the inner artist in caregivers through exposure to the visual, verbal, written, and performing arts. The focus will be on the healing powers of creative and spiritual expression through the various arts. Course experiences will include site visits to major museums, theater, performing, and visual arts and an analysis of the role of the arts in healthcare.
3 credits
NURS 392 Emergence of Modern Nursing
NURS 392 Emergence of Modern Nursing
This course focuses on the historical underpinnings of professional nursing practice. Students will explore the evolution of nursing from Hippocrates through modern times, including the social, political and economic factors influencing the growth of the profession. Course experiences will include visits to historical sites, as well as analysis of current images of nursing in the media.
3 credits
NURS 393 Providing Cultural Comfortable Care
NURS 393 Providing Cultural Comfortable Care
This course will focus on health care providers' and consumers' cultural beliefs/values/practices and their influence on patient outcomes. Course content includes regulatory, policy, and professional standards for culturally and linguistically appropriate care. The emphasis will be on planning, implementing, and evaluating health care that meets the needs and preferences of culturally diverse populations, as well as meet professional standards of practice. Students will be given the opportunity to expand their skills for culturally-sensitive interviews, history taking, and physical assessments.
3 credits
NURS 397 Special Topics in Nursing
NURS 400 Experiential Learning Portfolio
NURS 400 Experiential Learning Portfolio
This course will focus on health care providers' and consumers' cultural beliefs/values/practices and their influence on patient outcomes. Course content includes regulatory, policy, and professional standards for culturally and linguistically appropriate care. The emphasis will be on planning, implementing, and evaluating health care that meets the needs and preferences of culturally diverse populations, as well as meet professional standards of practice. Students will be given the opportunity to expand their skills for culturally-sensitive interviews, history taking, and physical assessments.
3 credits
NURS 401 Clinical Preceptorship
NURS 401 Clinical Preceptorship
This course is designed to provide the student with a comprehensive clinical experience to integrate previously learned knowledge, skills, values, and meanings needed to transition to the role of novice professional. Based upon consultation with faculty and availability of site, students may select a specialty concentration.
3 credits (9 hours for clinical)
Prerequisite(s): NURS 350, NURS 360, NURS 361, NURS 420, NURS 460, NURS 461, NURS 462
Corequisite(s): NURS 491
NURS 410 Leadership and Management of Health Care
NURS 410 Leadership and Management of Health Care
This course is designed to assist the student to synthesize the intersection of nursing care with leading people and managing organizations and systems. The course incorporates the application of management principles and leadership, change, and administration theories in nursing practice and health care delivery. Content discussions include delegation, working with large groups, communication and collaboration, cultural diversity, legal and ethical dilemmas, budget management, staff development, resource management, quality improvement and risk management, evidence based practice, and the healthcare consumer.
3 credits
Prerequisite(s): All 300-level NURS courses
Corequisite(s): N/A
NURS 417 Nursing Skills Competencies II/Lab
NURS 417 Nursing Skills Competencies II/Lab
The focus of this didactic and skills lab course is the development and acquisition of the technical/psychomotor skills required for nursing practice of newborn, pediatric, adolescent, and childbearing clients. Students will apply new and previously learned scientific principles to procedures required for the competent delivery of nursing care to those specific populations. Principles and methods of medication calculation and administration for the newborn, pediatric, and adolescent client are also integrated.
1 credit (3 hours for lab)
Prerequisites: NURS 217, NURS 217L, NURS 350, NURS 360, NURS 361
Pre/Corequisites: NURS 460; NURS 461, NURS 462
NURS 420 Professional Nursing Practice (PNP): Community and Public Health
NURS 420 Professional Nursing Practice (PNP): Community and Public Health
This course is designed to prepare students for community/public health practice in a changing health care system. Students will apply the concepts of primary health care to the assessment, planning, and delivery of care to diverse families. Factors influencing the primary health care of communities and the impact of globalization, politics, socioeconomics, and environmental factors on the health vulnerability and resiliency of communities are examined. Clinical experience will take place in a variety of community settings.
5 credits (3 hours for lecture; 6 hours for clinical)
Prerequisite(s): NURS 350, NURS 360, NURS 361
NURS 430 Emergency Preparation and Disaster Management
NURS 430 Emergency Preparation and Disaster Management
A guide to the basic components preparing nurses to provide health care under disaster conditions and to respond effectively in emergency situations. The student will be introduced to the principles of disaster preparedness and management, the common tasks consistent across all disaster responses, the key components of a disaster preparedness plan, health care systems frameworks for disaster response, impact of disasters, legal and ethical issues, and types of disasters and their causes.
3 credits
NURS 460 Professional Nursing Practice (PNP): Young through Older Adult III
NURS 460 Professional Nursing Practice (PNP): Young through Older Adult III
This theory and clinical course focuses on the knowledge, skills, values, meanings, and experiences necessary for comprehensive nursing care of the adult client with complex, multi-system, medical/surgical disruptions. Using a physiological systems approach, classroom content will focus on the provision of care for clients with neurological, hepatic, integumentary, infectious, and reproductive disorders. An integrated biological, psychological, sociocultural, environmental, and spiritual approach to care of the client and his or her family will be employed. The clinical component will include the opportunities for working with multiple and/or high acuity clients in an acute care setting.
5 credits (3 credits for 3 hours of lecture per week; 2 credits for 6 hours of clinical)
Prerequisite(s): NURS 361
Corequisite(s): NURS 417
NURS 461 Professional Nursing Practice (PNP): Pediatric & Adolescent Client
NURS 461 Professional Nursing Practice (PNP): Pediatric & Adolescent Client
This theory and clinical course focuses on the knowledge, skills, values, meanings, and experiences necessary for comprehensive nursing care of the pediatric and adolescent client. A family-centered approach is used with emphasis on child developmental stages and health promotion strategies for the child and family unit. Contemporary socio-cultural issues influencing the family unit are explored. Clinical experiences include in-patient and community settings.
5 credits (3 credits for 3 hours of lecture per week; 2 credits for 6 hours of clinical)
Prerequisite(s): NURS 417
Pre/Corequisite: NURS 460
Corequisite(s): NURS 462
NURS 462 Professional Nursing Practice (PNP): Newborns & Childbearing Women
NURS 462 Professional Nursing Practice (PNP): Newborns & Childbearing Women
This theory and clinical course focuses on the knowledge, skills, values, meanings, and experiences necessary for providing comprehensive nursing care for women, newborns, and their families during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. A family-centered approach is used with emphasis on family developmental stages, family assessment and health promotion strategies for the family unit. Contemporary socio-cultural issues influencing the childbearing family unit are explored. Clinical experiences include acute care and community settings.
5 credits (3 credits for 3 hours of lecture per week; 1 credit for 3 hours of clinical)
Prerequisite: NURS 417
Pre/Corequisite: NURS 460
Corequisite: NURS 461
NURS 490 Capstone: Synthesis (KSVME) of Professional and Health Care Issues
NURS 490 Capstone: Synthesis (KSVME) of Professional and Health Care Issues
Culminating learning experience demonstrating the curriculum model of knowledge, skills, values, meaning, and experience (KSVME) within the professional practice of nursing. Assists students to critique and utilize research and analyze a clinical nursing problem that illustrates a sophisticated level of knowledge of best practices and of gathering and applying evidence. Each student will make a major presentation that is open to the educational and professional company.
3 creedits
NURS 491 NCLEX Preparation
NURS 491 NCLEX Preparation
This course is designed to familiarize the student with the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX RN). Content includes information for registering to take the exam; test taking strategies and developing a study plan for review of core nursing content. Students will take a mock NCLEX RN exam.
1 credit
Prerequisites: All 300-level NURS courses, NURS 417, NURS 420, NURS 460, NURS 461, NURS 462
Corequisites: NURS 401, NURS 410, NURS 430
NURS 499 Special Topics in Nursing
NURS 499 Special Topics in Nursing
This course provides a forum for exploring contemporary issues affecting nursing and the profession. Topics will vary from semester to semester to accommodate cultural, social, economic, scientific, ethical and legal changes to the practice of nursing and the delivery of patient care.
3 credits